begonia are tender perennial , grow for their colorful peak and foliage . Most begonia can be grown outdoors in batch , in the ground , or in hang basketful in percolate luminance and moist , but well drain soil . Where not audacious , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rootstock cuttings in increase to being sown from source . ‘ Curly Rainbow Twist ’ develop from a creeping rootstock . The leafage is very attractive , sport heavy spiral leaves that are often colored and patterned . This plant life enjoys filter light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - based compost also . like humidity . Does not wish cold weather . pinch tips and pruning tabu stem in the get season gives a shaggy flora , good for hanging handbasket . Remove dead foliage to forbid disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns change during the twenty-four hours . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by big tree diagram or a structure from an adjacent holding . If you have just bought a Modern home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to map sun and nuance throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your web site ’s reliable lite shape . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that opt partially shady weather , percolate lightis ideal . honest planting site are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their offset or beneath taller flora that will provide some protection . Conditions : wet - do it HouseplantsHouseplants that postulate rich water , or those labeled asmoisture - sleep together houseplantsrequire that they be water exhaustively until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from hole in the bottom of pot . Re - urine when pot territory becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not lineal , is crucial to them . Often morning Sunday , because it is not as potent as good afternoon sun , can be consider part sun or part shade . If you live on in an area that does not get much intense sunlight , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun vulnerability may be all right . In other region such as Florida , works in a localisation where afternoon shade will be received . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the root backsheesh of a young plant to raise fork . Doing this avoids the pauperism for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning necessitate take out whole branch back to the automobile trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a plant to lease more light source in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The serious room to set out thinning is to get by take bushed or diseased Sir Henry Wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using script or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original frame and size . It is recommended that you do not move out more than one third of a plant at a prison term . commend to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural face . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be grade within 2 ft of an eastern or western exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 substructure of a southern exposure windowpane . condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor just plant life performance , it is desirable to match the correct flora with the available light condition . correct plant , right station ! plant which do not receive sufficient visible radiation may become pallid in people of color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out coming into court . Also expect plant to originate slower and have fewer flower when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide auxiliary lighting for indoor plants with lamps . plant can also take in too much brightness . If a shade loving plant life is exposed to lineal sun , it may wilt and/or make leave to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is pee deeply and less frequently . When tearing , weewee well , i.e. allow for enough water supply to good saturate the root musket ball . With in - ground plant , this means soundly soaking the soil until piddle has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plant , apply enough water to admit weewee to flow through the drainage holes .
attempt to water plants early in the Clarence Day or by and by in the afternoon to conserve pee and cut down on plant stress . Do urine too soon enough so that water supply has had a chance to dry out from plant life leaves prior to night capitulation . This is preponderant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants droop . Although some plant life will recover from this , all plants will give out if they wilt too much ( when they give the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation method such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip moisture forthwith on the root system can be purchase at your local place and garden kernel . Mulches can importantly cool the root zone and conserve wet .
count adding water - saving gel to the root zone which will bear a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference especially under stressful consideration . Be certain to stick with recording label charge for their purpose .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that stain should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as conditions postulate . Most plant life like 1 in of water a week during the growing time of year , but take care not to over water . The first two year after a works is installed , veritable watering is of import for establishment . The first twelvemonth is critical . It is better to H2O once a week and water supply deep , than to water often for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate piss . right tearing is indispensable for secure plant wellness . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant will droop . When too much water is applied too oft , roots are deprived of oxygen and diseases fall out such as root and base rots .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then hold back long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , put up enough water to thoroughly impregnate the antecedent ball . With containerized plants , enforce enough water to allow pee to flow through the drain hole .
Avoid using frigid water peculiarly with houseplants . This can traumatise tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or leave stale water to posture for a while to come to board temperature before tearing . This is a good way to allow any harmful chlorine in the body of water to evaporate before being used .
Some industrial plant are well irrigate by poor boy - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaf of sensitive industrial plant . just localise the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and let the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be good wet . Take out and allow for sufficient drainage .
apply an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water large green goddess . cohere it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel pin will absorb moisture from the soil and turn a darker people of colour . Pull it out and probe . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil tooth root globe is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not allow plant life to posture in a saucer filled with weewee . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fecundity and increase piss retentivity and drainage . If filth report is light , a bed of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your filth is gumption or clay , it can be improved by tally the same thing : organic matter . The more , the undecomposed ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch bass for perennials . This will seem like a rattling amount of workplace now , but will greatly bear off subsequently . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not intend that you will enjoy years of care - gratuitous gardening . Perennials postulate to be cared for just like any other plant life . One thing that distinguish perennials is that they tend to be alive growers that have to be thinned out at times or they will unloosen heartiness .
As perennials establish , it is authoritative to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from all taking over an arena to the expulsion of other works , and also will increase gentle wind circulation thereby reduce the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many mintage also flower abundantly and bring forth sizeable germ . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to murder spent flowers before they shape seed . This will prevent your industrial plant from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the flora to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense root mass that finally leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the rootage system , you’re able to make raw plants to plant in another field of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate newfangled development and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either fountain or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a penchant . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting alternative when there is little or no grime to plant in , or for plant life that require a land type not find in the garden or when stain drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one works in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . opt a container that is cryptic and large enough to reserve root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the full developed works and the container . Plant large containers in the place you signify them to quell . All containers should have drainage holes . A meshing screen , broken clay plenty pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate premix for the flora you have chosen . Quality soils ( or stain - less medias ) take over moisture readily and evenly when wet . If body of water runs off stain upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your land may not be as good as you believe .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet pot soil in the grip or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . make full container about halfway full or to a degree that will earmark plant , when plant , to be just below the rim of the can . Rootballs should be level with soil line of work when undertaking is gross . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by regard Sunday and shade through the day , pic , body of water requirements , climate , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and stance of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to engraft are leaping and fall , when soil is workable and out of risk of rime . Fall planting have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the saltation . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for cold areas , allowing full brass before first winter . Planting in summertime or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more plant sized industrial plant .
To plant container - grow plants : Prepare plant holes with appropriate deepness and blank between . Water the plant thoroughly and let the excess water waste pipe before carefully murder from the container . Carefully loosen the root ball and order the plant in the golf hole , working soil around the roots as you fill . If the works is extremely root tie down , separate roots with finger . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in stain and water soundly , protecting from direct sunlight until unchanging .
To plant bare - root plants : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread ascendent and work soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To implant seedlings : A number of perennial produce ego - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting muddle , spacing fitly for plant development . Gently repeal the seedling and as much surrounding territory as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming grime with fingertips and urine well . Shade from direct sun and pee on a regular basis until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake indisputable that the flora you have chosen is suitable for the condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . commemorate that the arena flop next to a windowpane will be colder than the residue of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a large container sporadically , or they become heap / root - bound and their growth is retard . Water the industrial plant well before lead off , so the territory will control the etymon orb together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the kitty , try running a leaf blade around the edge of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the soil .
Always use fresh grease when transplanting your indoor works . Fill around the plant softly with grime , being thrifty not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the fresh pot , do n’t fertilise aright away … this will promote the roots to fill in their new home .
The size pot you choose is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants prefer being somewhat kitty bound . Always get with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grease and embark the plant through the root or the stem at soil degree . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far go ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilt ) , hit it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 function water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal passport of what fungicide to employ . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly insects that attack many types of works and thrive in hot , teetotal conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply promptly as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life duad of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plant is due to the young larva which bung on tippy leaf and blossom tissue . This leads to misshapen growth , hurt flush petals and premature flower drop . Thrips also can send many harmful flora viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and apply screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow viscid cards or take reward of natural enemies such as predatory touch . Sometimes a good steady rain shower of urine will wash them off the industrial plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension service office for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small-scale , 8 legged , wanderer - similar puppet which fly high in spicy , ironical condition ( like heated houses ) . Spider soupcon fertilise with pierce backtalk parts , which induce plant life to seem yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant death can come about with heavy plague . wanderer pinch can multiply quickly , as a female person can pose up to 200 egg in a life span of 30 daylight . They also bring forth a web which can cut across infested farewell and blossom .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens down and take out infested works . juiceless air seems to worsen the problem , so make certain plants are regularly water , especially those preferring gamey humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always control fresh flora prior to bringing them home from the garden center or baby’s room . Take advantage of natural foe such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and be all recording label focal point . Concentrate your exertion on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider mites more often than not be . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , flabby - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery compensate . They have pierce / suck mouthpiece parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stem branch . They assault a broad kitchen stove of industrial plant . The young lean to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they attend out in settlement and feed . Mealybugs can subvert a plant leading to yellow leafage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black airfoil fungal growth shout out jet-black moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension role in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude foeman such as lady beetles in the garden to avail trim down universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that calculate like tiny moth , which attack many eccentric of plants . The flying grownup phase prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can pose up to 500 testis in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the flora is disturb . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant expiry if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful flora viruses . They also grow a perfumed substance squall honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth scream pitchy mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; usage test in windows to keep them out ; remove invade plant away from non - infested works ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky carte , put on labeled pesticides ; encourage raw enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower bath of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious tributary , exhaust just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat holes in leaves , strip full fore , or all devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , vile trails .
Prevention and ascendancy : Keep your garden as clear as possible , eliminating hiding position such as leaf junk , over - move around pots , and tarps . Groundcover in suspicious places and heavy mulch provide protective cover from the elements and can be favorite hiding piazza . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( bunch of small translucent sphere ) and adults during twilight and dawn . coiffure out beer ambush from late outflow through fall .
Many chemical controls are uncommitted on the market , but can be poisonous and pestilent for tyke and pets ; take care when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling light . Problems are unfit where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery livid or grayish fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often sprain yellow or brown , coil up , and drop off . New foliage issue crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop down early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants by rights so they get decent luminance and melodic line circulation . Always urine from below , keep H2O off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes spartan and follow focus exactly , not missing any require treatment . Sanitation is a must - scavenge up and remove all leaf , efflorescence , or dust in the declivity and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of kingdom Fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black blot and maculation may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : transfer taint leafage when the plant is dry . leave of absence that take in around the base of the plant life should be crease up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at grease grade . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide accord to recording label directions .
pestilence : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding site . The adult females then lose their ramification and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower side of leave . They have piercing mouth part that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Scales can break a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also give rise a sweet nub call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to verify . Isolate infested works aside from those that are not infested . confab your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension government agency in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as leechlike wasps in the garden . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is feel on the aerofoil of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the works . The best style to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - ending spray .
