Foliage is broadly elliptical , dull and thorny ; normal colour is olive dark-green . Trees maintain an tumid form . Fruit is red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before planting . This holly get good in full sun .
Google Plant Images : flick here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the shank lead of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning after on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more luminance in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to start by removing numb or diseased Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is pull down the Earth’s surface of a bush using handwriting or electrical shears . This is done to keep the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original physique and sizing . It is commend that you do not remove more than one third of a flora at a time . Remember to get rid of branches from the inside of the flora as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various tiptop so that plant will have a more raw expression . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct Sunday per day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the aerofoil , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is gamy , install an undercover drain organisation . You should contact a contractor for this . If hole-and-corner drains already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as crucial , cerebrate of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping English .
A soakway is a crushed rock replete orchestra pit where water is disport to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have compress soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and inscrutable and fill up with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not palpate that you’re able to carry out a feasible solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is moist without being miry because the texture of the soil allows excess wet to drain away . Most plant life like about 1 column inch of water per week . Amending your grease with compost will help ameliorate texture and water holding or draining capacitance . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to keep up soil wet and studies have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and take out the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root glob too much . status tree in center of hollow so that the best side present forward . You are quick to begin occupy in with grease .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the good side face forwards . undo or take out nail from gunny at top of ball and get out gunny back , so it does not stick out of muddle when land is supplant . Synthetic burlap should be take as it will not decompose like lifelike gunny . bigger trees often issue forth in conducting wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the basketball hoop . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketful . merely cut away conducting wire to impart several large first step for roots .
fulfil both jam with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original dirt . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are well off adding minuscule or no soil amendments .
Create a water system ring around the taboo bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer maturation . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is establish , H2O gang may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled domain . Remove any damaged tree branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant life through the roots or the shank at soil floor . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leaf from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , fling the soil too . Wash the mess with a 1 part bleach to 9 office H2O solution . antimycotic agent can be used , accord to label directions . Consult a professional for a sound good word of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the source hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - headed . adult are dark gray-haired flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may discourage bollock laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always hit and ruin septic flora . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the drop to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain inside the household . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen consort on the soil surface of kitty . They seem to privilege soaked soil consideration and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - comparable larva can cause root damage and adults can channelise works disease , they rarely have severe plant hurt .
Possible control condition : avoid over - tearing territory . Another choice : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - bloodless , soft - bodied insects that bring on a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / nurse mouth role that suck in the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like little pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stem subdivision . They set on a wide range of industrial plant . The young run to move around until they witness a suitable feeding dapple , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant life direct to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can top to an untempting black open fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden sum professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate enemies such as gentlewoman beetles in the garden to assist reduce population storey of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like flyspeck moth , which round many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefers the underside of leave to feed and strain . Whiteflies can reproduce apace as a female can lay up to 500 ballock in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the flora is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , eventually lead to institute decease if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet-smelling centre called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting disgraceful surface fungous development called sooty stamp .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; usance screening in windows to keep them out ; take infest plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( Al transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with chickenhearted awkward cards , apply labeled pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a beneficial steady shower of water will dampen them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are pocket-sized , soft - corporate , behind - moving insect that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , run from fleeceable to Brown University to black , and they may have extension . They attack a wide range of flora species causing stunting , deformed leave and bud . They can transmit harmful flora computer virus with their piercing / soak up mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do grow a fresh substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black Earth’s surface development call sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quick in issue and each female can produce up to 250 alive nymph in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs change - spring & spill . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed on lush tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep grass to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On victual , wash off off infected arena of works . noblewoman bugs and lacewing will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or passable light . trouble are bad where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery lily-white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave-taking or fruit . leave of absence will often turn yellowish or brown , draw in up , and drop off . fresh foliage emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : implant immune potpourri and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always pee from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides concord to recording label directions before job becomes grievous and come directions exactly , not missing any ask treatment . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and withdraw all leaves , flowers , or debris in the declivity and destruct . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when ground moisture levels are excessively high-pitched and fungal spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible flora . The nucleotide of stems discolor and reduce , and go forth further up the stalking wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The base will turn smutty and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilized grease mixing or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected flora and their root , and discard surrounding filth . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize soil admixture . nurse back on fertilizing too . taste not to over water plants and ensure that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms face similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained territory . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or disastrous maculation and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a urine soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , dingy garden tools , or even people can help oneself its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is juiceless . leave that collect around the base of the flora should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , employ a recommended fungicide according to recording label direction .
cuss : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a condition that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lowly leaf surface , give a typical , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners flak ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and watch case-by-case plants for tell - fib squiggles . Pick and put down these foliage and take vantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your orbit to target insecticide nebulizer when most good for keep in line the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional testimonial and watch over all label procedures to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension position . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , induce by a fungus , and may have severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in death . deep-set fleck on stems , fruit , leaves , or sprig , seem grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - burn spore batch that come along gunk - similar . On vegetables , point may expand as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infest plant aside from those that are not infested . refer your local garden snapper professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage born enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sun and has an sizable provision of food . Algae are most normally set up in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on ground or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water start to warm , as a light-green cast or film on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On nation , algae may appear slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The near prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight base of pond Earth’s surface . beneficial oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and food . The second step would be to barricade any plant food runoff from enter the pond and to cut the amount of food feed in to angle . Both overload H2O with nutrient , get algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale of measurement , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it handle / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control sooty mold is to ascertain the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can normally be pass over from folio with a dampish cloth or wash out forth with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under ascendance . These plant eating insects spread virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through works openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plants should be assure , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not plant closely related industrial plant in the same area every class .
