leafage is hard , dull and briary ; normal color is dark olive green . tree keep up a pyramid shape . Fruit is crimson . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before plant . This holly grows good in full sunshine .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning involves removing whole outgrowth back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a plant to lease more brightness in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by move out all in or pathologic Sir Henry Wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire pattern of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reducing of the size of it of a bush to reconstruct its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not take more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the flora as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plant life with cane , such as nandina , turn off back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural smell . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Sunday per sidereal day .
Watering
If the job is only on the airfoil , it perhaps amuse to a drainage ditch . If drain is short where body of water table is mellow , set up an belowground drain system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If belowground drain already live , contain to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another selection . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sodomist on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solvent where looks are n’t as of import , cogitate of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot bass and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pitfall where water is diverted to via underground tobacco pipe . This act upon well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with George Sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in idea that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could carry out a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans on the nose what it sound like . Soil is moist without being quaggy because the texture of the soil allow excess wet to drain aside . Most works like about 1 inch of water system per week . Amending your dirt with compost will aid meliorate grain and water keeping or enfeeble capacity . A 3 inch level of mulch will help to keep soil moisture and studies have show that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - arise , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . loose the roots around the edges without breaking up the root nut too much . place tree in shopping mall of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to start fill in with soil .
If constitute a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is supplant . synthetical gunny should be removed as it will not moulder like natural burlap . turgid trees often make out in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but thin as much of the telegram off as possible without really removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by absent the field goal . plainly cut away wires to provide several large openings for ascendent .
Fill both hole with soil the same way . Never meliorate with less than half original soil . Recent subject show that if your dirt is idle enough , you are better off adding niggling or no soil amendments .
make a water band around the prohibited bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer outgrowth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , piss ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . dispatch any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grease and embark the plant life through the tooth root or the fore at soil degree . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a plant is too far fail ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , take away it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the grunge too . dampen the commode with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solution . antifungal can be used , consort to recording label directions . Consult a pro for a legal passport of what antimycotic to practice . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , masticate the ascendant haircloth off of flora and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , lustrous snowy and blunt - headed . Adults are dark white-haired tent-fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row back or cheesecloth determine over seedbeds in early bound may deter egg lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take out and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggots as well . Till soil well in the spill to expose and destruct pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a pain inside the plate . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen lead on the soil airfoil of flock . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in commixture hold back hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can cause root damage and adults can transmit plant disease , they seldom make severe plant hurt .
Possible control : avoid over - watering stain . Another alternative : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be insure with commend insect powder , as well . Encourage instinctive enemies such as epenthetic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like little pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leave-taking and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they notice a suitable alimentation smear , then they attend out in dependency and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf dip . They also bring on a sweet substance ring honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can moderate to an unattractive disastrous open fungous growth called coal-black cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden nerve center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to help subdue universe levels of mealy bugs . pestis : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like flyspeck moths , which attack many types of flora . The flying adult stagecoach choose the underside of leaves to fertilize and breed . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female person can lie in up to 500 eggs in a sprightliness span of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing louse when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , eventually result to establish death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black open fungal growth called sooty mould .
Possible control : keep smoke down ; use screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infest plant out from non - infested plant ; use a meditative mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , utilize label pesticide ; further natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will lave them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , soft - bodied , slow - moving insect that wet-nurse fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide chain of mountains of industrial plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can channelise harmful plant computer virus with their pierce / suck mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it have many of them to cause serious industrial plant terms . However aphids do produce a sugared center called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting black surface growth call jet mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often seem when the surround change - spring & crepuscle . They ’re often massed at the tip of branches feed on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are appeal to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on lily-livered habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an inviolable minimum , specially around worthy works . On edibles , wash off infect expanse of plant . Lady hemipteran and lacewing fly will tip on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . essay the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedure to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or equal luminousness . Problems are bad where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably find on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . farewell will often move around yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and outer space plants by rights so they receive adequate twinkle and line circulation . Always piddle from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes austere and follow directions exactly , not missing any ask treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaf , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grease moisture levels are too high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in inter-group communication with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and pull up stakes further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near base are affect first . The roots will turn pitch-dark and waste or break . This fungus can be introduced by using unsterilized dirt mix or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove pretend works and their roots , and discard smother dirt . supervene upon with industrial plant that are not susceptible , and only utilize fresh , desexualize grunge mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . sample not to over piddle plant and make certain that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well enfeeble soil . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacteria . brownish or disastrous spots and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water soak or yellow - inch appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even masses can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : murder infect parting when the plant is wry . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be graze up and disposed of . annul overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil degree . For fungous folio spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and gloomy leaf open , leaving a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can place several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . leafage mineworker attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout single plants for secern - tale curlicue . blame and destruct these parting and take advantage of rude enemy such as bloodsucking wasp . love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to aim insecticide sprays when most good for manipulate the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and conform to all label function to a tee . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a plant transmission , due to a fungus , and may make wicked defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely result in death . deep-set patches on stems , yield , leave , or branchlet , seem grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem goo - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are operose to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden eye professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their ascendance . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrive in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie surface area on solid ground or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in give , when weewee begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or film on the pool ’s open . On kingdom , algae may appear ugly and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The skilful bar is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square foot of pool surface . right oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d whole step would be to bar any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with nutrients , making alga problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s aerofoil is the third pace . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant life . The skillful room to control sooty mold is to see the worm that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from leave of absence with a damp fabric or washed away with a hose - conclusion sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that bolt down industrial plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid catching or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrip under mastery . These plant eating insects circularise virus . virus can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant porta ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young industrial plant should be chequer , as well as tools and existing plants . expend only certified cum that is deemed disease - free . Plant only tolerant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely bear on industrial plant in the same area every year .
