Foliage is ellipse , dull and bristly ; normal colouration is dark olive green . Trees maintain a dense growing habit with thick folio grain . Fruit is vivid red in heavyset clusters . Gender is female . ripe specimen , screenland or hedging plant life . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before imbed . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterward on .
Thinning involve remove whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant life to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best fashion to begin thinning is to begin by removing beat or pathologic Ellen Price Wood .
Shearing is level the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to furbish up its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove offset from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant with cane , such as nandina , ignore back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , verbatim sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where weewee table is high , instal an secret drainage organization . You should touch a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another choice . French drains are ditches that have been occupy with crushed rock . It is o.k. to embed superoxide dismutase on top of them . More obtrusive , but a in effect solvent where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have incline sides .
A soakway is a gravel satisfy pit where water is divert to via underground tube . This works well on sites that have compact soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and fill with gravel or crushed gem , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in head that it is illegal to divert water onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a executable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being marshy because the grain of the soil allows surplus moisture to drain away . Most plant like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your dirt with compost will assist improve grain and water property or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will avail to maintain territory wet and subject area have present that mulch flora grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - get , lay the tree on its side and get rid of the container . loose the root around the edges without breaking up the antecedent ball too much . Position tree in center of fix so that the best side confront forward . You are quick to begin fill in with stain .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , place it in hole so that the best side faces forward . unbrace or remove nails from burlap at top of ballock and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when filth is put back . synthetical burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut off as much of the telegram away as possible without actually take out the basket . hazard are , you would do more price to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply skip away wires to leave several large openings for radical .
Fill both holes with soil the same path . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent subject show that if your soil is loose enough , you are honorable off adding lilliputian or no dirt amendment .
make a water mob around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer development . Once tree diagram is established , water band may be level off . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so tot up a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or powder bark over backfilled arena . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most land and embark the plant through the roots or the stem at grime level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a flora is too far gone ( all the leaf from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the raft with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , harmonize to label directions . Consult a professional for a sound recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grease , chew the beginning hairs off of plants and love to burrow through theme crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered white and blunt - headed . adult are dark grey fly sheet that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row natural covering or cheesecloth countersink over seedbeds in early leaping may dissuade testicle laying on vernal plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the drop to uncover and demolish pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest pesky fly sheet which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of yield fly front , they can be picture break away on the soil surface of pot . They seem to favor wet grease condition and may thrive in commixture containing hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can cause tooth root wrong and adults can transmit plant disease , they rarely make dangerous plant damage .
Possible controls : fend off over - tearing soil . Another pick : manipulation label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - white , soft - bodied insects that raise a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking sassing part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften front like small pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leaf and stem subdivision . They assail a all-embracing compass of plants . The young tend to move around until they chance a desirable feeding point , then they hang up out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also farm a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growing called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden shopping center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage rude enemy such as lady mallet in the garden to help reduce population degree of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , wing insects that face like tiny moths , which assail many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can reproduce quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 testis in a life span of 2 months . If a flora is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the flora is vex . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not tick off . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also create a sweet substance cry honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive pitch-dark surface fungous ontogenesis called sooty mold .
potential ascendence : keep weeds down ; exercise screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plant life ; use a pensive mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; yap with xanthous sticky cards , implement mark pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of H2O will moisten them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , balmy - bodied , behind - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , range from green to Brown University to disastrous , and they may have wings . They attack a blanket range of plant species cause stunting , change form leaf and bud . They can convey harmful plant life viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to have serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet subject matter call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can extend to an untempting fatal control surface emergence foretell sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in telephone number and each female person can farm up to 250 alive nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment change - outflow & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on scandalmongering clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot to an absolute minimum , especially around worthy plant . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . dame microbe and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to check aphid . attempt the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find oneself on works that do not have enough air circulation or adequate visible radiation . Problems are worse where night are cool and day are warm and humid . The powdery livid or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often work yellow or brown , curve up , and drop off . fresh foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop off early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant change and infinite plant properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is predominate for rose wine . Go easily on the nitrogen fertiliser . utilize antimycotic agent according to recording label directions before problem becomes spartan and follow directions on the nose , not missing any expect treatments . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , blossom , or debris in the fall and ruin . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come up in inter-group communication with the susceptible plant . The Qaeda of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near base are impress first . The root will turn smuggled and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . substitute with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desexualize soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . test not to over H2O plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to institute . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungi or bacterium . brownish or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged visual aspect . Insects , rainfall , contaminating garden tools , or even people can help its gap .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . leaf that pull together around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . ward off overhead irrigation if possible ; urine should be directed at territory stratum . For fungal leaf spot , apply a commend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a terminus that lend oneself to various larvae ( of moths , mallet , and fly sheet ) that burrow between upper and low leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly form . A female adult can lay several hundred bollock inside the leafage which hatch and give boost to miner . folio miner onset ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep dope down and scout individual plants for tell apart - tale squiggles . Pick and ruin these leaves and take vantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . try a professional recommendation and follow all recording label process to a tee . * GDD numbers game should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension part . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , cause by a fungus , and may induce severe defoliation , especially in tree diagram , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on theme , fruit , leaves , or twigs , come along grayish brown , may seem weak , and have pinkish - tan spore spate that look ooze - like . On vegetables , spot may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are arduous to control . Isolate infested plant life away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . mourning band : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that multiply by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming weewee that receives full sun and has an plentiful provision of food . Algae are most commonly establish in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in bounce , when water begins to warm up , as a dark-green hurl or pic on the pond ’s open . On farming , alga may look vile and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The dependable bar is to reach for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you leave at least one oxygenize plant per 1 square foot of pond surface . full oxygenators let in charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to slim down the amount of solid food fed to fish . Both overburden urine with nutrients , make alga trouble worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the airfoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / sear the leaves and stems of the plant . The safe way to control pitchy molding is to master the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leafage with a dampish fabric or wash away with a hosepipe - end nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various flora , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of mastery .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendence . These flora eating insects go around virus . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant possibility ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be assure , as well as peter and existing works . Use only certify seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby splay crop , not planting closely related plant in the same area every year .
